2007年9月29日 星期六

我們需要什麼樣的巨蛋




棒球是「國球」,我想生長在這塊土地的人都不會反對,台灣的球迷深植於心中的棒球熱潮及早期的世界「三冠王」的威風歷歷在目,經過政府多年的努力及企業的支持,台灣的職棒運動發展已超過十五年,整個職棒運動可以繼續維持必須靠觀眾可以持續的買票進場看球,及塑造明星球員來增加週邊商品的促銷,甚至帶動觀光產業,就像日本人會組團到西雅圖水手隊的Safeco球場看鈴木一朗打球一樣。的確台灣職棒也曾一度再次帶動台灣的棒球熱,根據中華職棒聯盟的統計,在1991年中華職棒的第一個球季便突破了一百萬人次的數目,隨著球迷數穩定地成長,至1997年累積總觀眾人數已突破一千萬人次。但可惜在今年看球的觀眾人數比起往年已降約3成,職棒球團已有收回經營的想法。歸咎原因當然台灣的國土民情無法和美國的大聯盟來比較,美國棒球有屬地主義,有制度的選秀,有科學經營的商業行為,但主要還是幾乎每一個重要城市都擁有世界一流的標準棒球場。台北市政府在前日與遠雄集團簽約,在前松山菸場舊址建構台灣最大的巨蛋體育館,整個蛋體的外型是銀色的鋼骨蛋體,兩側是透明的玻璃帷幕,一顆藍寶石般的蛋體樓地板面積有35000坪,高度66公尺,外型會呈現銀色的鋼骨蛋體,兩側則是透明的玻璃帷幕,夜間燈光一亮,將成為台北市的另一個夜間景觀,內部可以容納四萬五千人,同時可以多功能使用為棒球或足球運動的比賽場地。由於巨蛋取來不易,一定用更宏觀的角度以及人民真正的需求來設計巨蛋,千萬不要迷信多麼了不起的台北地標或傲人的建築量體。首先一個多功能使用的巨蛋早已不合時宜,如果巨蛋屋頂無法隨時打開關閉就無法種植草坪,使用人工草坪是美國30年前失敗的經驗,因為所有球場的建構主要以安全為首要,使用人工草坪會帶來球員更多的危險,甚至比賽的不公平。不要重導大阪巨蛋的後塵,當粗大版巨蛋就是多功能使用為了升降天花板而損害。台北市已經有不只一個多功能使用的小巨蛋。請參考美國西雅圖水手隊的球場以及亞歷桑那響尾蛇隊的主球場,這些球場的巨蛋都是屋頂可收可開放的,平日看球可以享受夏日涼風,遇到下雨可以在幾分鐘之內收起屋頂但是僅止於遮雨不完全封閉,因此仍可以通風。美國的球迷來看球都是攜家帶眷屬於家庭休閒活動,因為球場真正成為一個公園(park),場內的草坪有不同的草紋變化萬千,球場內有購物商店,有棒球博物館,來看棒球不只關乎輸贏,而是真正的休閒活動選項之一,如果巨蛋當成多功能使用絕對是不智之舉也不符合世界潮流。如果政府真正關心台灣體育的未來,就應該在重要城市興建專用的各類型球場,並結合企業共同經營帶動地方產業,也可以讓人民有更單純的休閒活動,如此才能吸引球迷回來,並讓更多的人走入球場。

作者: 郭毓仁,中國文化大學景觀學系副教授

2007年9月23日 星期日

The study of mowing pattern preference in turfgrass area of baseball ground and its attraction among the fans

民眾對棒球場草地草紋喜好度及進場看球意願之研究
摘要
棒球場在現代已經不僅是場地而已,已經真正成為休閒遊憩的地方,也被稱之為棒球公園。如果棒球場內外野草坪能修剪出富有變化的草紋,不僅幫助維持草坪的健康,更能增加景觀美質。因此本研究的目的欲瞭解草紋的變化型態對具有球場設計背景的專業者,以及一般的球迷的喜好程度,並從中了解觀眾對於不同棒球草紋是否能夠影響前去看球的意願,以提供設計師及球團業者對於職業球場藝術與草坪管理的重視。本研究模擬繪製九種型態包括直線型、圓形、棋盤型、蘇格蘭裙、鑽石型、波浪型、拓荒者、公牛眼型、及放射線型。從面對面問卷及網路問卷結果發現放射型、直線型、棋盤型三種草紋型態在一般民眾與相關專業受訪者的評測之中最受喜好。有79.7%的受訪者認為棒球場草地草紋時有變化能增加他們進入球場觀賞球賽的興趣。本研究結果可以提供棒球場管理者對提升場地景觀美質的參考。
關鍵詞: 棒球場、草紋、景觀美質、喜好程度、網路問卷



The study of mowing pattern preference in turfgrass area of baseball ground and its attraction among the fans
Abstract
Baseball is not only a sport, but a real recreational activity in this modern world. Its role is turned from a baseball field to a baseball park. Different mowing patterns in the turf area of baseball field can help the healthy of turf growing and improving beauty of ballpark landscape. The purpose of this study is to know the preference of baseball park designer and baseball fans to different mowing pattern design and its affection of fans willingness to go to the ballpark to watch the games because of improving landscape beauty. Nine types of mowing patterns including straight lines, circle lines, checkerboard, plaid design, diamonds, crossing arch, trial blazers, bulls eyes,、and radiation were drawing by computer simulation。From the results of personal survey and web page survey, we found that radiation, straight line, and checkerboard were significant difference of preference for ballpark designer and fans than the other mowing patterns. There were 79.7% of survey attendance thought that different mowing patterns can attract them to the ballpark to watch the games. We hope the results of this research can improve the beauty of baseball ground beauty in the future.
Key Words: baseball, mowing pattern, landscape beauty, preference, web page survey


The study of suitable living environment for the older adults of fifty and better in Taipei area

台北地區中老齡人口生活環境適宜性之研究
摘要
老人接觸大自然植物、並有和社會接觸的機會,可以減少老人病症的發生與復原。本研究透過面對面問卷及電子郵件來調查居住於台北地區中老年人對於生活環境的滿意度、喜歡公園的原因、公園類型喜好度、及公園景觀設施配置喜好度。結果發現受訪者對公園綠地顯著為最高度需求之環境條件,這個結果和第一次初步問卷是一致的。到公園的目的都是因為可及性高才喜歡到公園,其次為公園環境良好吸引他(她)們前來。中老齡人口心中最希望擁有的公園中屋頂或中庭花園是最被期待的,對這個族群的人口而言由於行動漸趨不變,能方便到達公園活動是極為重要的要件。中老齡人口對公園景觀設施的偏好調查結果對庭園景觀設施需求度以休息座椅、擁有陽光及遮蔭空間、及良好視野顯著優於其他項目。
關鍵詞: 老人、問卷、公園、屋頂或中庭花園、景觀設施

The study of suitable living environment for the older adults of fifty and better in Taipei area
Abstract
The older adults are the fastest growing segment of the world population. Green areas within urban environments have been shown to maintain health of older adults. The goal of this study was to investigate what types of living environment is their most concern. In this study, face to face and e-mail survey were applied. In order to pursuit more accurate survey results; a preliminary survey was conducted to compare the accuracy of final survey. Our investigation found that older adults significantly hope to live close to park as the first choice. This result was consistent of both surveys. However, the older populations felt general to good (3.9) to their living environment. According to the survey results of what reasons to the park, we found that easy reaching was the most important factor than the other types; park plantings was also the reason of attracting their coming. The survey of park type preference, roof garden was their favorite. From the results of preferred landscape settings, we found that sitting space, chances of enjoys sunshine or shading area, and good view area were significantly different than the other settings. We expect this investigation could supply better living environment for elderly in Taiwan and offer more information for landscape designer when design parks or garden for these populations.
Keywords: Older adults, survey, park, roof garden, landscape settings





大學生情緒管理及對療癒庭園感知之研究

台灣大學生的情緒管理已經出現問題,罹患憂鬱症比率是各種不同年齡層中最高的。
許多研究都指出良好的景觀環境對人類生心理健康有很大的助益。因此本研究之目的乃藉由了解大學生如何情緒管理並利用療癒庭園的設計來了解大學生的感覺。本研究以中國文化大學的學生做為問卷對象,並邀請受測者來到療癒庭園並加以問卷測試。 調查結果發現大學生在壓力狀態下以聽音樂(17%)自我調適最高,其次為逃避去睡覺(14%)、或找人聊天(13%)。而從事園藝活動的則相當少。當心情不好時,會尋找的對象來抒發心情的多為朋友,而尋找較專業的對象卻佔少數。受測者第一次來到療癒庭園時心情都感到愉悅,而且如果以後心情不好時會想到此庭園來走走。受測者對於療癒庭園的景觀元素偏好問卷喜好結果依序為噴泉、植物花壇、看遠景、遮蔭休憩區、操作區、以及其他。由此結果可判斷噴泉可以同時提供聽覺、視覺、及觸覺所以效果最佳也最引人注意。本研究藉由問卷了解大學生對於情緒壓力的感知,再藉由建立紓解壓力的療癒庭園提供抒壓的機會,並從問卷中了解到大學生對於療癒庭園的建立都具有正面肯定的意義,可以提供未來校園中運用閒置空間建立公共庭園空間讓學生使用,應該可以讓學生的生心理更為健康。

關鍵詞: 大學生、情緒管理、問卷、療癒庭園、景觀元素偏好
台北地區中老齡人口生活環境適宜性之研究
摘要
老人接觸大自然植物、並有和社會接觸的機會,可以減少老人病症的發生與復原。本研究透過面對面問卷及電子郵件來調查居住於台北地區中老年人對於生活環境的滿意度、喜歡公園的原因、公園類型喜好度、及公園景觀設施配置喜好度。結果發現受訪者對公園綠地顯著為最高度需求之環境條件,這個結果和第一次初步問卷是一致的。到公園的目的都是因為可及性高才喜歡到公園,其次為公園環境良好吸引他(她)們前來。中老齡人口心中最希望擁有的公園中屋頂或中庭花園是最被期待的,對這個族群的人口而言由於行動漸趨不變,能方便到達公園活動是極為重要的要件。中老齡人口對公園景觀設施的偏好調查結果對庭園景觀設施需求度以休息座椅、擁有陽光及遮蔭空間、及良好視野顯著優於其他項目。

關鍵詞: 老人、問卷、公園、屋頂或中庭花園、景觀設施



The study of suitable living environment for the older adults of fifty and better in Taipei area
Abstract
The older adults are the fastest growing segment of the world population. Green areas within urban environments have been shown to maintain health of older adults. The goal of this study was to investigate what types of living environment is their most concern. In this study, face to face and e-mail survey were applied. In order to pursuit more accurate survey results; a preliminary survey was conducted to compare the accuracy of final survey. Our investigation found that older adults significantly hope to live close to park as the first choice. This result was consistent of both surveys. However, the older populations felt general to good (3.9) to their living environment. According to the survey results of what reasons to the park, we found that easy reaching was the most important factor than the other types; park plantings was also the reason of attracting their coming. The survey of park type preference, roof garden was their favorite. From the results of preferred landscape settings, we found that sitting space, chances of enjoys sunshine or shading area, and good view area were significantly different than the other settings. We expect this investigation could supply better living environment for elderly in Taiwan and offer more information for landscape designer when design parks or garden for these populations.
Keywords: Older adults, survey, park, roof garden, landscape settings